Innovation in stomatology

COMPREHENSIVE MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH POLYODONTY, HYPERDONTY. CLINICAL CASES

2025-09-24T15:03:05+03:00

A supernumerary tooth may be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, and occur with varying frequency in different populations. Supernumerary teeth are classified by shape, morphology, location, and appearance. Additional diagnostic methods should be used. Purpose of the study. Analysis of treatment results of patients with supernumerary teeth. Materials and methods. Twenty-two patients with 86 supernumerary teeth, aged 20 to 26 years, were under clinical observation. The treatment consisted of removing supernumerary teeth. Digital data processing was performed according to standard methods using the Statistica 2018 program. Research results. Digital data analysis showed more supernumerary teeth on the lower jaw in women. The data obtained indicate that the dentist-orthodontist most often detected the presence of supernumerary teeth during examination. To some extent, this explains the greater number of women in our study: women consulted a dentist with complaints of incorrect tooth position. There were more supernumerary teeth on the lower jaw than on the upper jaw; in particular, the most significant number of supernumerary teeth was observed in the area of the molars of the lower jaw. All patients underwent removal of the supernumerary tooth after determining the stages of complex treatment. Indications for removal of the supernumerary tooth were: the presence of localized periodontitis in the area of the erupted tooth, and conservative treatment of localized periodontitis was unsuccessful. In the operated patients, wound healing occurred by both primary and secondary tension. In the presence of signs of a local inflammatory process, in 3 cases, the wound healed by secondary tension. For pain, patients were recommended nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical observations of operated patients confirm that the sooner the surgical intervention is performed, the sooner a successful orthodontic treatment result is achieved. Timely early diagnosis and interdisciplinary connections in the presence of supernumerary teeth can minimize the development of potential complications associated with this anomaly. Conclusions. Achieving a successful outcome is possible with a comprehensive approach to the sequence of interventions, determining indications for surgical treatment, the timing of its implementation, rehabilitation measures, and further management by doctors of related specialties.

FEATURES OF CONDUCTING PRACTICE FOR DENTAL STUDENTS IN MODERN REALITIES

2025-09-24T16:44:34+03:00

An integral and important component of the training of dental students as future specialists is the implementation of industrial practice. It is characteristic that during this period students must apply the acquired theoretical knowledge during direct work with patients in a real clinical environment. The main task of practical training is to form and consolidate professional skills necessary for independent medical practice. Namely: the ability to establish psychological and linguistic contact with patients, to correctly build relationships with patients in the process of a doctor's activity (doctor-patient), and to improve the skills of mastering basic dental manipulations. The purpose of the research is to study the maximum opportunities for students to acquire professional skills during industrial practice and the ways of its organizations taking into account the latest teaching methods.Materials and methods. The Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University implements the educational program" Industrial Medical Practice" aimed at students acquiring integral, general and professional competencies for the future provision of quality dental services. The results of the study. They indicate necessity conducting industrial medical practice for dental students using the latest tools and approaches related to the constant development of modern technologies in the field of dentistry. Conclusions. The presented study indicates the need for industrial medical practice for students, which allows them to obtain professional specialists in the field of dentistry and improves their clinical activities by forming both professional and communicative skills.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PROSTHETIC TREATMENT OF PARTIAL EDENTULISM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-09-24T15:58:43+03:00

Partial edentulism is one of the most common dental problems, which not only disrupts chewing function and aesthetics, but also significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Modern scientific research considers tooth loss not only as a clinical pathology, but as a complex phenomenon that has social, psychological and functional consequences. Studies emphasize the importance of individual perception of partial edentia: patients experience a deterioration in their self-esteem, reduced social activity, and decreased enjoyment of eating.Deterioration of orofacial functions (chewing, articulation, facial expression) with partial tooth loss leads to changes in eating behavior and even cognitive activity. Elderly people and people with concomitant systemic diseases such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes are particularly susceptible to this. In a demographic context, partial edentia has an uneven distribution. Studies conducted in different countries demonstrate a relationship between partial tooth loss and socioeconomic status, education, age, and gender. Such data generate a demand for a differentiated approach to orthopedic treatment, taking into account not only clinical but also social factors.Taking into account the above, orthopedic treatment of partial edentia should be considered not only as a technical replacement of lost teeth, but as an integrated medical, social, and functional strategy aimed at restoring the patient's full life. This necessitates a systematic analysis of modern approaches to treatment from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, biomechanics, implantology, and technologies of removable prosthetics for partial edentia. The aim of the study. Generalization of modern approaches to orthopedic treatment of partial edentulism based on the analysis of scientific publications. Materials and methods. An analysis of publications in the Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted using a combination of keywords: “partial edentulism”, “ prosthetic treatment”, “removable dentures”, “implantology”, “quality of life”, “functional rehabilitation”. Search criteria by year – 2017–2025. Journals and dissertations devoted to issues of clinical dentistry, orthopedic dentistry, and social medicine were processed to find relevant publications.

CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE IN THERAPEUTIC-PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH MULTIPLE CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2025-09-24T16:01:36+03:00

The armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine exposed critical shortcomings in the existing dental-care system for service members. Inadequate mobility of dental units, the absence of staff dentists in most combat formations, and the high prevalence of multiple caries and periodontal disorders have adversely affected combat readiness. Both Ukrainian and international experience demonstrate the effectiveness of comprehensive preventive–therapeutic programmes based on NATO Dental Fitness standards and the deployment of mobile dental clinics. The purpose of the study was to summarise up-to-date national and international experience in preventive and therapeutic measures for multiple caries and periodontal diseases among military personnel and to formulate practical recommendations for the dental branches of the Ukrainian Defence Forces. Materials and methods. A systematic review of 28 sources (2010–2024) was performed, including Ukrainian and NATO normative documents and clinical investigations from Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Azerbaijan. Content analysis, comparative assessment of dental-health indices (DMFT, PMA, PI, Greene–Vermillion) and description of organisational models (stationary, mobile, hybrid) were applied.Research results. The Armed Forces of Ukraine have implemented a three-tier “Dental Health Programme” (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) reinforced by a network of mobile clinics, thereby improving access to care in combat zones. Professional hygiene using PIEZON technology and antiseptics reduced inflammatory complications in front-line units. A one-year trial of a compact hygiene kit (travel brush, floss, President® toothpastes, mouth-rinse tablets) in 348 soldiers lowered caries intensity in the 20–30-year age group and increasedenamel caries resistance. A modified regimen for chronic generalised periodontitis employing Biorepair® products and immunostimulants stabilised periodontal status in 68.5% of patients versus 12% under standard therapy.Foreign data confirmed the pivotal role of smoking and low baseline periodontal status in necrotising ulcerative gingivitis; the phytopreparation Oleum Nigella Sativa markedly reduced periodontal inflammation. Conclusions.A comprehensive, standardised and mobile dental-care system that integrates three-level prevention, modern clinical protocols and targeted interventions (professional hygiene, phyto- and immunotherapy) has proven effective in reducing caries and periodontal morbidity among service members. Further incorporation of international best practices and expansion of the mobile-clinic network are strategically important for the medical service of the Ukrainian Defence Forces.

ORAL FLUID AS A KEY MARKER FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN THE SETTING OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-09-24T16:08:11+03:00

The aim of the study was to summarize and analyse current scientific data on the role of oral fluid in the diagnosis and prognosis of dental caries and the impact of coronavirus infection on the oral cavity.Materials and methods: the study used the bibliosemantic research method, which includes the selection, analysis and synthesis of scientific sources on the topic of the article.The information was collected by searching international and national databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, as well as professional dental journals.Results of the study. The results of the analysis show that oral fluid plays a key role in maintaining oral homeostasis.Biophysical and biochemical parameters, such as salivary flow rate, viscosity, pH and buffering capacity, ensure remineralisation of tooth enamel and inhibit decay-causing microorganisms. COVID-19, which affects various organs and systems, potentially contributes to changes in the properties of oral fluid, which can increase the risk of dental caries.Conclusions. COVID-19 affects the biochemical and biophysical parameters of the oral fluid, which can create favourable conditions for the development of dental caries.Further research should be aimed at a detailed analysis of these changes and their application in dental practice for the prediction and prevention of caries.

ELECTRICAL BURNS OF THE ORAL CAVITY (REVIEW)

2025-09-24T16:13:44+03:00

Problem statement. Electrical burns are a fairly rare variant of damage to the oral cavity organs, but their complications are accompanied by a significant deterioration in the quality of life and persistent disability. This problem is practically not covered in modern available domestic sources. Purpose of the study. To highlight the main etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of electrical burns of the oral cavity. Materials and methods of the study. Obtaining scientific literature information was performed using the information search systems Scopus, CrossRef, Google Scholar and PubMed. Results and their discussion. Worldwide, electrical burns of the oral cavity account for 2.2% of electrical injuries and only 0.12% of all burns; usually occur in infants who are teething; mostly observed in children due to biting, chewing or sucking electrical conductors and other elements of electrical appliances. Severe cases with hospitalization and surgical treatment are rare. Despitetheir rarity, treatment and long-term rehabilitation make these injuries an important problem in burn care.In severe cases, damage extends to the gums, alveolar process of the chin, oral mucosa and tongue. Early surgery is characterized by an aggressive approach to nonviable or questionable tissue; another tactic is to wait until the extent of the damage is fully determined with subsequent planning of the optimal treatment option. The purpose of oral commissure splinting is to provide a counterforce to the tendency for wound contracture in order to reduce scarring, maintain function, and reduce the need for reconstructive surgery.An important role in preventing a negative functional outcome is played by attention to the rehabilitation of swallowing and speech, and the prevention of all possible consequences depending on the damage to the dental structures. A thorough interdisciplinary approach is important, which is carried out with the participation of an maxillofacial surgeon and a speech therapist. Conclusions. Oral electrical burns are a specific problem in modern pediatric dentistry, and the right diagnostic and treatment option will reduce the possibility of developing long-term complications and disability.

NAPLES PROGNOSTIC SCORE AS A NEW COMBINED INDEX OF INFLAMMATION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS BIOMARKERS AT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT APHOTIC STOMATITIS

2025-09-24T16:18:38+03:00

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the potential of the new prognostic Naples scale by determining the prognostic index of nutrition and systemic inflammation at ill individuals with CRAS with an emphasis on the mechanisms of their modification. Research methods.The study involved 83 patients aged 20-45 years, of whom 61 were patients with CRAS (main group) and 22 healthy individuals (control group). A clinical, laboratory, medical and social research method was conducted. Hematological examination included determination of albumin and total cholesterol concentrations in serum according to standard methods using a digital hematological analyzer Beckman Coulter dxc 700 au (Germany); determination of leukogram parameters – on an Erba Elite 580 analyzer (Sweden). Calculation of hematological marker values – NLR was determined as the number of neutrophils/lymphocytes, LMR – as the number of lymphocytes/number of monocytes. The final calculation of NPS was performed using dichotomous values of NLR, LMR albumin and total cholesterol concentrations in serum according to the data of Galizia et al. Statistical processing of clinical examination and laboratory data was performed using the standard software package for personal computers "Microsoft Excel-2007" for Windows.Scientific novelty. It was established that according to the dichotomous values proposed by Galizia G. et al., the average serum albumin level at ill individuals with CRAS is 1 point, the concentration of total cholesterol in the blood is 0 points. Determination of NLR, LMR in CRAS showed that NLR was 1.88 times higher than the similar indicator of the control group, and the LMR indicator was 2.34 times lower than the indicator of patients in the control group. Calculation of the scores of inflammatory biomarkers NLR and LMR showed that both indices are estimated at 1 point. The final score of the NPS index was 3 points, which is high and associated with a potentially poor outcome. Conclusions. The results of our study indicate a relationship between CRAS and changes in the Neapoles Prognostic Scale using the nutritional prognostic index and systemic inflammation at ill individuals with CRAS. The innovative NPS scoring system we used, which is associated with the nutritional factor and inflammatory response at ill individuals with CRAS, may be useful for predicting the course of the disease.

CURRENT APPROACHES TO VENEER PRESCRIPTION: INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND RISKS

2025-09-24T16:28:39+03:00

In contemporary aesthetic dentistry, ceramic veneers are viewed as a minimally invasive alternative to conventional full-coverage crowns. Nonetheless, the clinical success of these restorations largely depends on periodontal status, the presence of systemic conditions–particularly diabetes mellitus–and parafunctional activity such as bruxism.The purpose of the study was to summarise up-to-date indications, contraindications, and risks associated with veneer prescription in clinical practice, based on a critical appraisal of current scientific evidence. Materials and methods. A targeted review of 36 publications dating from 2014 to 2024 was performed. Sources were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords “veneers,” “periodontal health,” “diabetes,” “bruxism,” and “ceramic restorations.” Study quality was assessed according to PRISMA guidelines; data were synthesised descriptively within thematic blocks. Research results. In patients with diabetes mellitus, full-coverage veneered crowns produced a statistically significant increase in gingival index scores and periodontal pocket depth compared with non-diabetic controls. Among patients with stage III/IV periodontitis, long-term (8–13 years) veneer survival did not differ from that observed in periodontally healthy individuals, provided inflammatory control was achieved. Bruxism markedly elevated the risk of ceramic chipping; the most favourable outcomes were reported for combinations of monolithic zirconia crowns for occlusal stabilisation paired with lithium-disilicate veneers. Materials-science data further support the superiority of lithium disilicate and high-translucency zirconia in patients subjected to increased occlusal loads. Conclusions. Veneer prescription requires a comprehensive assessment of periodontal status, diabetic control, and the presence of bruxism.Adherence to well-defined indications and the selection of high-strength materials minimise complications and ensure restoration longevity.

MODERN VIEWS ON THE INFLUENCE OF MALOCCLUSION AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-09-24T16:34:57+03:00

This article presents a literature review of publications on current views on the influence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on the development of temporomandibular disorders. Purpose of the study: based on scientific research data, to establish the probability of the impact of occlusion disorders and orthodontic treatment on the development of temporomandibular disorders. Materials and methods. The bibliosemantic method was used to clarify the state of the problem, study the analysis of the results of previous scientific research based on literature sources and electronic resources.Information search and analysis of scientific sources were carried out using the scientometric databases Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar for the last 10 years. Results: As a result of the search and analysis of literature sources, the authors of the study concluded that patients with temporomandibular disorders are not recommended to start orthodontic treatment until the symptoms disappear completely. If such symptoms have already appeared during orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to suspend it for the duration of the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, or until the patient's condition improves as much as possible. After the symptoms disappear, orthodontic interventions can be continued according to the original plan or, if necessary, adjusted depending on the patient's condition. Timely detection and treatment of temporomandibular disorders will allow for more predictable orthodontic treatment in the future. Conclusions: According to current scientific research data, there is no convincing connection between the development of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion disorders. When planning orthodontic treatment, especially in adult patients, in order to prevent complications and draw up a correct treatment plan, one of the first steps should be to assess the condition of the TMJ and masticatory muscles.

MODERN EXPERIENCE IN DENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF SALIVARY-GLAND DISEASES IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

2025-09-24T16:38:10+03:00

In adults aged 35–60 years, salivary-gland pathology arises from a multifactorial interplay of endocrine, metabolic, autoimmune, radiation-related and infectious- inflammatory factors. Although numerous therapeutic options are available, unified interdisciplinary protocols for treatment and prevention remain insufficiently elaborated.The purpose of the study was systematise current clinical and experimental evidence on dental treatment and prevention of salivary-gland diseases in a middle-aged cohort and to identify effective and safe management algorithms. Materials and methods. A targeted narrative review (2014–2024) was performed in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and national repositories. Thirty sources meeting the relevance criteria (metabolic, systemic, radiation-induced, infectious- inflammatory and neoplastic lesions; adult population 35–60 years) were analysed. Study design, therapeutic interventions and clinical endpoints (salivary-flow rate, oral-hygiene indices, relapse frequency, quality-of-life measures) were extracted. Research results. Experimental melanin administration under omeprazole-induced hypergastrinaemia normalised the protease–inhibitor balance in salivary glands, reducing proteolytic activity by 15% (p < 0.05). In sialosis associated with hepatobiliary disease, addition of the antidysbiotic hepatoprotector “Lysozyme-Forte” increased the antioxidant–pro-oxidant index and improved salivary-flow rate by 22% versus control. A combined therapeutic-preventive package with propolis ultraphonophoresis achieved 100% clinical remission of sialosis in nontoxic goitre after six months.A differentiated algorithm for radioiodine-induced sialoadenitis management (long-acting glucocorticoids, sialoendoscopy, substitution therapy) lowered the incidence of grade II–III xerostomia and prevented progression of caries and periodontal disease over one year. Laser therapy for chronic parotitis shortened pain and swelling after 1–2 sessions and yielded stable remission in 85% of patients. Conclusions. Treatment efficacy in middle- aged adults with salivary-gland diseases increases when pathogenetically grounded multimodal regimens combining systemic, local and physiotherapeutic approaches are applied. Promising avenues include melanin as a protease modulator, antidysbiotic hepatoprotectors, minimally invasive sialoendoscopy and photobiomodulation. Further randomised trials are required to standardise protocols and evaluate long-term safety.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A THERAPEUTIC-PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX OF PREPARATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SINGLE DEFECTS OF THE DENTAL ARCHES IN TERMS OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER DENTAL IMPLANTATION

2025-09-24T15:08:18+03:00

Post-operative complications remain one of the leading causes of reduced success rates of dental implantation in patients with single-tooth bounded edentulous spaces. Optimising pharmacological support by employing multicomponent therapeutic-prophylactic complexes that combine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and osteotropic activities is therefore a topical issue in contemporary dentistry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed therapeutic drug complex on the frequency and severity of post-operative complications following dental implantation in patients with single-tooth bounded edentulous spaces. Materials and methods. Thirty-seven patients aged 18–22 years who underwent implantsupported prosthetic rehabilitation were examined. Two clinical cohorts were formed: the main group (n=20), which received a multicomponent therapeutic-prophylactic complex in addition to standard care, and a comparison group (n=17), which received standard care only. Complications were graded as mild, moderate, severe, or absent at 7 days, 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postsurgery. Statistical significance of intergroup differences was evaluated using Student’s t-test (p<0.01). Research results. In the comparison group, mild complications occurred in 17.6% and moderate complications in 11.7% of patients; no severe events were recorded. In the main group, mild complications were observed in 5% of cases, whereas moderate and severe complications were absent. The proportion of patients without complications reached 95% in the main group versus 70.7% in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions. Administration of a therapeuticprophylactic complex that integrates antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and osteotropic components significantly reduces the frequency and severity of post-operative complications after dental implantation and increases the proportion of uneventful healing to 95%.

ASSESSMENT OF IMPLANT AND ABUTMENT TOOTH MOBILITY DURING COMPREHENSIVE ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT

2025-09-24T15:37:24+03:00

The mechanical stability of dental implants and abutment teeth determines the longevity of prosthetic constructions and the success of rehabilitation in patients with bounded single- tooth defects. Objective mobility monitoring with devices such as the Periotest-S allows early detection of inadequate osseointegration and optimisation of treatment protocols.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of implant and abutment tooth mobility during comprehensive prosthetic treatment supported by a therapeutic-preventive regimen. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was carried out in 57 patients (18–30 years) with bounded single-tooth defects. In the implant cohort (n=29), subgroup 1.1 (n=15) received comprehensive therapy, while subgroup 1.2 (n=14) received basic care only. In the three-unit metal–ceramic bridge cohort (n=28), subgroup 2.1 (n=15) received comprehensive therapy and subgroup 2.2 (n=13) received basic care. Periotest values were recorded at standardised intervals: for implants – 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-implantation; for bridges–before and after fixation and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter.Statistical analysis was performed in STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test (p<0.01). Research results. One month after implantation, the mean Periotest value in subgroup 1.1 was lower than in 1.2 (5.6±0.2 vs 6.2±0.2; p=0.05). The advantage of comprehensive therapy increased by months 3 (p<0.005) and 6 (p<0.001) and persisted at 12 months, when mobility in 1.2 exceeded that in 1.1 by 1.7-fold.In bridge patients, comprehensive therapy produced a significant reduction in abutment tooth mobility even before bridge fixation (2.8±0.1 vs 3.6±0.2; p<0.04) and ensured faster post-loading stabilisation. At 12 months, bridge mobility in 2.2 was 1.8-fold higher than in 2.1 (p<0.001).Conclusions. A therapeutic-preventive regimen combining antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteotropic agents significantly improves the stability of implants and abutment teeth, fostering faster osseointegration andlong-term functional stability of prosthetic constructions.The Periotest method is a sensitive tool for monitoring the effectiveness of comprehensive support throughout the prosthetic treatment pathway.

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE SOMATIC STATUS AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE OF PATIENTS WITH BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME DURING TREATMENT WITH REMOVABLE DENTURE PROSTHESES

2025-09-24T15:45:43+03:00

The aim of this study was to improve adaptation to removable denture prostheses by identifying clinical, psychological, and biochemical factors associated with the development of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and by optimizing the differential diagnosis and management strategies for affected patients.Materials and methods. A total of 150 patients with complaints of oral burning sensations following the placement of removable dentures were examined. All patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 103) included individuals with signs of BMS without systemic disorders, while Group II (n = 47) consisted of patients with oral burning symptoms combined with pronounced psychoemotional and somatic disorders. Clinical evaluation included assessment of prosthetic hygiene, identification of traumatic factors, and administration of psychodiagnostic tests: Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger-Hanin anxiety questionnaire, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Salivary cortisol levels were measured as a biomarker of stress response.Results. Patients in Group II demonstrated significantly higher scores in depression (30.2 ± 1.18), trait anxiety (59.1 ± 1.23), state anxiety (46.2 ± 1.17), and alexithymia (72.4 ± 1.17) compared to Group I (17.1 ± 0.74; 33.2 ± 0.78; 30.6 ± 0.74; 51.8 ± 0.71,respectively). The mean salivary cortisol level in Group II was 6.84 ± 0.19 ng/ml, exceeding the reference range, whereas Group I demonstrated levels within normal limits (4.23 ± 0.11 ng/ml). A direct correlation was observed between cortisol concentration, severity of psychological symptoms, and clinical manifestations of BMS. Common comorbidities included cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological pathology, and climacteric disturbances.Conclusions. Burning mouth syndrome in patients with removable dentures is multifactorial in origin, with psychoemotional factors and impaired adaptation playing a leading role. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, incorporating psychological testing and salivary biomarkers of stress, facilitates timely identification of high-risk patients and the implementation of effective treatment strategies.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PRELIMINARY ENDODONTIC CASE DIFFICULTY ASSESSMENT AS AN APPROACH FOR POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF COMPLICATIONS PREVALENCE

2025-09-24T12:01:19+03:00

Purpose of the study. To verify the feasibility of using specific criteria for preliminary assessment of the endodontic treatment case complexity and to establish differences in the complications prevalence among different categories of the studied criterion. Research methods. The clinical phase was organized as a prospective study, in the structure of which dentists provided a subjective assessment of the complexity of the clinical case before endodontic treatment without using any specific-oriented criteria. The retrospective phase of the study involved randomization of anonymized radiographs of clinical cases obtained before and after the intervention, while maintaining their affiliation with each specific doctor, with the assessment of such according to standardized specific criteria according to the AAE Case Difficulty Assessment Standards, and noting the data obtained for each case. The comparative-analytical stage of the study was conducted by an independent expert, who compared the differences in the assessments of the complexity of endodontic treatment noted by dentists without and with the use of specific criteria, as well as assessed the prevalence of radiologically verified complications and obturation defects. Scientific novelty. The distribution of complications in cases of mild, moderate and high complexity of endodontic treatment was characterized by a statistically confirmed pattern of changes when reassessment of clinical cases using specific criteria was provided in comparison to situation of the initial classification of clinical cases based only on the subjective judgments of dentists (p < 0,05). Compared with the distribution of cases of different treatment complexity based on the subjective assessment of dentists, the prevalence of complications and obturation defects after reassessment according to specific criteria remained the same only for cases with mild treatment complexity (p > 0,05), but was statistically lower for cases with moderate treatment complexity (p < 0,05) and statistically higher for cases with high treatment complexity (p < 0.05). The correlation level of changes in the frequency of registered complications with increasing complexity of endodontic treatment, when latter was verified on the basis of the initial subjective assessments of dentists, was r=-0,43, while after reassessment of the complexity of treatment taking into account specific criteria, this indicator was r=0,83. Conclusions. The complexity of endodontic treatment, objectified by the use of specific criteria, is characterized by a higher level of correlation with the frequency of complications and obturation defects in clinical cases that met the parameters of moderate and high complexity, while the results of the subjective assessment of the complexity of root canal treatment demonstrated the presence of interdependencies with the frequency of complications only in cases categorized as high complexity. The initial assessment of the potential complexity of endodontic treatment does not allow to directly influence the risk of complications during the intervention, however, it allows to identify cases that are characterized by a higher probability of complications, and therefore require more attention during planning, as well as potential adaptation of the used therapeutic approaches, techniques and manipulations to the conditions of the clinical situation, which in turn will allow to reduce the risk of associated complications.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON CATALASE ACTIVITY IN THE ORAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK TUMOURS

2025-09-24T12:34:15+03:00

In malignant head-and-neck tumors (HNT), oxidativereductive imbalance is accompanied by a decline in the activity of antioxidant-defense enzymes–primarily catalase–which aggravates biomolecular damage and hinders postoperative rehabilitation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of a proposed therapeutic-prophylactic complex (TPC) on salivary catalase activity in HNT patients during a 12-month follow-up. Materials and methods. Thirty-five individuals aged 25–55 years were examined: 25 HNT patients (comparison group, n=10; main group, n=15) after surgical tumor removal followed by standard chemotherapy, and 10 apparently healthy volunteers (reference group). The main group additionally received the TPC, which was readministered 6 months after treatment initiation. Nonstimulated whole saliva was collected, and catalase activity was measured biochemically at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical processing was performed with STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test. Research results. At baseline, catalase activity in both patient groups was 2.7–3.3-fold lower than reference values. Standard therapy in the comparison group induced only transient increases (+22.2% at month 1; +44.4% at month 3), with a return to baseline by month 12. In contrast, the TPC raised catalase activity by 36.3% after 1 month and by 90% after 3 months, with the gain persisting through month 12. At every time point, catalase activity in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. Conclusions. The proposed TPC significantly reinforces antioxidant defense by restoring and sustaining salivary catalase activity in HNT patients for at least 12 months of rehabilitation, demonstrating marked antioxidant efficacy.

STUDY OF MALONALDEHYDE CONTENTIN THE ORAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS COMPLICATED BY OSTEOPENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS UNDER A THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX

2025-09-24T12:41:35+03:00

Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) on the background of osteopenia and osteoporosis is accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress, manifested by elevated malondialdehyde (MDH) levels in oral fluid. Effective control of lipid peroxidation is therefore a requisite element of comprehensive treatment in such patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeuticpreventive complex (TPC) on the dynamics of MDH content in the oral fluid of patients with CGP complicated by osteopenia and osteoporosis. Materials and methods. Twenty-five patients aged 25–55 years were examined and allocated to three groups: I – healthy controls (n=10); II – comparison group (CGP+osteopenia/osteoporosis, basic therapy only; n=12); III – main group (CGP+osteopenia/osteoporosis, basic therapy+TPC; n=13). MDH levels were determined in oral fluid; statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-test (p < 0.01). Research results. At baseline, MDH exceeded the normative value 2.05-fold in group II (0.35 ± 0.02 mmol/L) and 1.82-fold in group III (0.31±0.02 mmol/L). After 3 months MDH decreased by 20% in group II and by 22.5% in group III. At 8 months, 1.5 years and 2 years the MDH level in group II returned to baseline, whereas group III maintained significant reductions of 51.6%, 45.2% and 35.4%, respectively; the level was two-fold lower than in group II at all corresponding time points. Conclusions. Incorporation of the TPC into basic therapy produces a statistically significant and durable attenuation of lipid peroxidation, as reflected by sustained decreases in oralfluid MDH during long-term follow-up.

CLINICAL INDICATORS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE COMPLEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH GINGIVITIS AND DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES

2025-09-24T12:48:45+03:00

Gingivitis combined with dentoalveolar anomalies (DAAs) in adolescents complicates the course of orthodontic therapy, increasing the risk of enamel demineralisation and periodontal inflammation. Optimising preventive support for such patients is therefore a pressing task of contemporary paediatric dentistry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a proposed therapeutic and preventive complex (TPC) in 12–13-year-old adolescents with gingivitis and DAAs during orthodontic treatment.. Materials and methods. The study involved 64 children aged 12-13 years with gingivitis and dentoalveolar anomalies (main group and comparison group). Adolescents from the comparison group underwent oral cavity sanitation and professional hygiene twice a year. Patients of the main group additionally received the developed treatment and prevention complex twice a year. ard-tissue status was evaluated using the DMF-T index; periodontal health was assessed with the PMA% (Parma) and the Mülemann-Son bleeding index. A statistically significant difference between alternative quantitative features with a distribution corresponding to the normal law was evaluated using Student's t-test. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.01. Research results. After 24 months, DMF-T increment was 0.17 ± 0.03 in the main group versus 0.24 ± 0.03 in the comparison group; the caries-preventive efficacy of the PTC reached 29.17%. The PMA% index in the main group fell by 10.82% after 6 months and remained 9.32% below baseline at month 24, whereas the comparison group showed only a 4.72% reduction. Bleeding scores in the main group decreased 2.22-fold within six months and remained at 0.14 ± 0.01 points at month 24 (2.21-fold lower than controls). Conclusions. The proposed TPC significantly reduces caries increment and improves periodontal status in adolescents with gingivitis and DAAs undergoing orthodontic treatment, demonstrating clinically meaningful efficacy over a two-year follow-up.

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF NON-CARIOUS CERVICAL LEASIONS OF TEETH

2025-09-24T12:53:10+03:00

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze risk factors (RF) for the development and progression of wedge-shaped defect (WSD) and erosion (E) of tooth enamel in young patients. Materials and methods of research. The study involved 272 patients (average age 24.3±6.9 years) who were comprehensively examined by a dentist. Biochemical and chemical indicators of oral fluid (OF), level of personal anxiety were determined in them. The patients filled out a survey/ questionnaire and gave a written informed consent to participate in the study. To assess the strength of the correlation between RF and the studied outcome, the indicator of relative risk (RR) was used for which the limits of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Scientific novelty. The patient’s age over 25 years and the value of the calculus index are satisfactory while the development of RF, increase in the number and depth of WSD is worse. Their salivation rate less than 0.5 ml/min. increases RR development and depth of lesion by 1.68 and 3.41 times (95% CI [1.04–2.71] and CI [1.23–9.46]), respectively. The value of K/Na molar ratio of OF more than 5.32 (2.83, 95% CI [1.49–5.39]) is RF of the development of WSD of teeth. Taking vitamin C for more than two years and having more than two glasses of Coke and/or Pepsi per day increases RR of their progression. In the majority of cases of RR of the development of E enamel, there are complaints about systemic health, diseases of the digestive and circulatory systems and their combination. The patient’s daily intake of more than two glasses of green tea and two bananas, intensive use of floss, satisfactory and worse value of dental plaque index were determined as RF of the increase in the number of lesions and the active course of E, p<0.05. Conclusions. Timely detection of the development of RF and the increase in the number of WSD and E enamel will positively affect their prevalence, and correction of RF of their progression in depth and active course will increase the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures.

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

2025-09-24T14:28:36+03:00

Purpose of the study. To determine the immunological and biochemical indicators of gingival crevicular fluid in elderly patients with generalized periodontitis. Research methods. The study involved 133 patients aged 60 to 75 years who underwent standard clinical and radiological examination of the oral cavity. Based on the examination results, the patients were divided into three groups. Group I (control) included 28 individuals without signs of periodontal disease, Group II – 21 patient diagnosed with stage I generalized periodontitis, and Group III – 84 patients with stage II generalized periodontitis. In all participants, samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from gingival or periodontal pockets to determine the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10), lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the ratio of cellular components (epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes). Scientific novelty. The highest mean concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were recorded in patients of Group III, exceeding the corresponding values of the control group by 2,1 times (IL-1β), 1,4 times (IL-8), and 2,7 times (TNF-α). This group also showed the highest average levels of IL-10 and lactate dehydrogenase activity, which exceeded the indicators of Group I by 2,5 times and 1,8 times, respectively. It was found that as the severity of periodontitis increased, the relative proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes in gingival fluid increased by 1,5 and 3,1 times, respectively, while the proportion of epithelial cells decreased by nearly 3 times. Conclusions. Elderly patients with generalized periodontitis demonstrated significant changes in the immunological and biochemical composition of gingival crevicular fluid compared to individuals in the control group. The severity of these changes increases with the progression of pathological processes in periodontal tissues. The use of these indicators as biomarkers of inflammation may be useful for early diagnosis of generalized periodontitis and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

METABOLISM OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN THE ORAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH ACID-DEPENDENT DISEASES OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

2025-09-24T14:33:28+03:00

The oral and gingival fluid and plaque contain a large number of microorganisms involved in the metabolism of nitrogen compounds. However, the relationship between different enzymes of the nitrogen cycle, as well as the factors affecting this relationship, remain unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the state of nitrogen-containing compounds metabolism in the oral fluid in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and concomitant acid-dependent diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods.To solve the tasks, 105 patients aged 18 to 21 years were examined. Group 1 consisted of 37 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, with concomitant chronic gastritis, duodenitis. The second group included 35 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis without somatic pathology. Group 3 – control group, included 33 patients (without periodontal and somatic pathology). The hydrogen index of the oral fluid was determined using a pH meter (pH-150 MA). The level of nitrates and nitrites was determined by modifying the Griess reaction. The activity of oral fluid nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase was determined by the reduction of nitrate and nitrite using a colorimeter. The activity of oral fluid urease was determined on the basis of ammonia formation, with Nessler's reagent. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by methods of analysis of variance using Student's t-test (p < 0.01 was considered significant). Results of the study. The activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase had the highest values in the group of children with concomitant acid-dependent diseases. Acidification of the oral fluid created conditions for chemical denitrification processes with the formation of nitric oxide from nitrates and nitrites. Indicators of the background content of nitrogen metabolites in the oral fluid were highest in the group of somatically healthy children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which is a consequence of low activity of the nitrate-nitrite reductase complex of the oral cavity. The urease activity was the highest in patients of the second group and amounted to 2.56±0.04 μmol/L×min), which significantly exceeded the value in the control group of children and indicated a significant microbial contamination of periodontal tissues. Low values of urease activity were observed in patients of the first group, since the acidic environment of the oral cavity is unfavorable for the vital activity of periodontopathogenic microflora. Conclusions. In patients with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the process of reducing nitrates to nitrites and then to nitric oxide occurs not only with the help of microbial enzymes, but also chemically due to the ingestion of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus and oral cavity. The accumulation of nitrites and nitrates in the oral fluid with low activity of reductase enzymes indicated inflammatory processes in the gums.The high activity of urease in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis with low activity of nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymes indicated a significant microbial contamination of periodontal tissues. The peculiarities of nitrogen balance in the oral fluid in patients with acid-dependent diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract require a personalized approach to the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in this group of patients.

AESTHETIC REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT USING THE WEBCEPH FUNCTIONAL PLATFORM

2025-09-24T15:48:54+03:00

The research objective of the study is to analyse the possibilities of injection contouring for aesthetic rehabilitation of patients using the functionality of the WebCeph online platform.Materials and methods of research. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, theoretical methods of cognition were used. An analysis of scientific sources, synthesis of information, establishment of essential connections between the results of analytics and one's own practical experience, generalization and interpretation were carried out.Scientific novelty. The article substantiates the need for an interdisciplinary approach in modern orthodontics, combining bite correction with subsequent harmonisation of the soft tissues of the face. After completing orthodontic treatment, patients often experience disharmony, such as changes in lip volume or lower third facial proportions, requiring the use of cosmetic correction methods to achieve a holistic aesthetic result.Based on an analysis of scientific sources and our own practice in the field of orthodontics and cosmetology, we present the most effective functionality of the web platform for facial rehabilitation after orthodontic treatment.The possibilities of WebCeph to automatically perform cephalometric analysis of X-rays and photographs using artificial intelligence algorithms are revealed, providing accurate quantitative data on the condition of soft tissues and facial proportions.Conclusions. It has been proven that the integration of WebCeph into clinical practice is a prospective direction that combines orthodontics and injection cosmetology into a single process to achieve complete aesthetic satisfaction for the patient. The use of WebCeph allows you to move from subjective assessment to scientifically based planning of injection procedures, such as the use of intradermal fillers or botulinum toxin. The analysis of specific parameters, such as the position of the lips relative to the Ricketts aesthetic line, the nasolabial angle or the vertical proportions of the face, increases the predictability and quality of the final result. WebCeph has been identified not only as a diagnostic tool, but also as a means of effective professional communication between orthodontists and cosmetologists. The integration of WebCeph into clinical practice is a promising direction that combines orthodontics and injection cosmetology into a single process to achieve complete aesthetic satisfaction for the patient.

PREVALENCE OF CARIES OF PERMANENT TEETH IN CHILDREN AGED 6–12 YEARS WITH DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES

2025-09-24T15:52:08+03:00

Today, the prevalence of permanent tooth decay and dental anomalies among children is high worldwide and in Ukraine in particular, and has no tendency to decrease.Many scientific studies show a link between these dental pathologies. However, there are also studies that have found contrary results that do not support this link.Therefore, these diverse data encourage us to conduct further research to assess the condition of the hard tissues of permanent teeth in children aged 6-12 years with dentoalveolar anomalies. Research methods. To achieve this goal, 119 children aged 6-12 years with dental caries (main group) and 103 children of the same age (comparison group) who studied at the O. Kovch Przemysl secondary school were examined in the dental department of the Municipal Enterprise «Przemysl Central District Hospital». The children were examined in accordance with the main provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki for Biomedical Research (Seoul, 2008) with informed parental consent. The prevalence of caries was determined in%, and the intensity of caries was determined by the CPV index. The study results were statistically analysed using the Student's t-test. Scientific novelty. As a result of the study, it was found that in children with PJD the prevalence of caries of permanent teeth, on average, was 89.92±2.76% with an intensity of 3.22±0.34 teeth, and in children without PJD – 78.64±4.04% and 1.96±0.26 teeth, respectively. The highest prevalence of caries in permanent teeth was found among girls aged 9-12 years with GPA (96.87±3.08%), and the lowest among boys aged 6-8 years without GPA (68.00±9.33%). It was found that the intensity of caries of permanent teeth in 6-8-year-old children with VHD was 34.18% higher than in children without VHD. Among 9-12-year-old children, this difference was 41.52%. It was found that from 6-8 years to 9-12 years, the value of the CPV index in children with TMD increased by 2.28 times, and in children without TMD by 2.03 times. It was found that in both groups of children aged 6-8 years and in 9-12 years old children without dental caries, the number of carious unsealed teeth was 52.31%, 18.57% and 61.49% higher than the number of sealed teeth. In contrast, in 9-12-year-old children with dental caries, the number of filled teeth was 42.08% higher than the number of carious teeth. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a higher level of caries in permanent teeth in children with TMD compared to children without TMD, which indicates a possible relationship between these dental pathologies. The high intensity of caries of permanent teeth in the examined children indicates an insufficient level of sanitation and the need to motivate parents and children to maintain dental health.

FORCED ORTHODONTIC EXTRUSION OF SEVERELY DAMAGED TEETH FOLLOWED BY RESTORATIVE REHABILITATION: A PILOT CLINICAL STUDY

2025-09-24T15:55:44+03:00

Restoring teeth with significant subgingival decay is challenging to ensure long-term stability and aesthetics.Forced orthodontic extrusion (FOE) is a minimally invasive method that allows you to save a tooth and create conditions for quality restoration. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the survival and success of the front teeth after FOE, followed by restoration with single crowns. The study included 10 patients and 10 teeth. After an average follow-up of 18.4 months, the survival rate was 90%, complications included structural detachment (30%) and recurrence of extrusion (10%).Root resorption, ankylosis or periapical pathologies were not detected. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of FOE as a reliable method of preserving severely damaged teeth and creating conditions for long-term functional rehabilitation. Purpose of work.Assess the level of survival and success of teeth with serious damage that were restored with the help of FOE, followed by restoration with single crowns. Materials and methods. 12 teeth were selected from 10 patients (6 men, 4 women, aged 41-53 years) who underwent FOE to restore the biological width and ensure fixation of the ferula 2 mm thick before the final restoration. Two teeth were excluded due to the discovery of root cracks before treatment. The remaining 10 teeth (7 central maxillary incisors and 3 lateral incisors) were extruded for 10-21 days followed by a period of immobilization for two months before final rehabilitation. Clinical and radiological assessments were performed 6, 8 and 24 months after treatment. Results. The overall survival rate was 90% after an average follow-up of 18.4 months.One tooth (10%) failed after 18 months due to the loss of the crown, which revealed a root crack.Conclusions. Due to the well-preserved bone structure after extrusion, immediate implantation was successfully performed. The most common complications during extrusion were structural detachment (30%) and relapse (10%). No signs of root resorption, ankylosis or periapical pathology were found.

ТHE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE AGENT ON THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SALIVA IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID DISORDERS

2025-09-24T10:11:14+03:00

Aim. To determine the effect of a therapeutic and preventive agent containing zinc and arginine on the mineral composition of saliva in patients with hypersensitivity of hard dental tissues (HHDT) associated with thyroid gland disorders. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim, a dental examination of 68 individuals under the age of 45 diagnosed with HHDT associated with thyroid gland disorders was conducted. It was aimed at evaluating the effect of a therapeutic and preventive agent containing zinc and arginine on the mineral composition of saliva. All patients underwent biochemical analysis of saliva to determine the levels of potassium and sodium cations and to calculate their ratio, which serves as one of the diagnostic criteria for preventing HHDT. Scientific novelty. The study of mineral metabolism indicators in the oral fluid of patients diagnosed with HHDT assocociated with thyroid gland disorder over the course of observation will help to identify their role in the development of HHDT and their impact on its prevalence and severity. Conclusions. During the study it was found that HHDT was observed in patients with thyroid gland disorders. However, from a biochemical perspective, although toxic goiter is one of the most common causes of hyperthyroidism, it does not always lead to a disruption in the Na/K ratio in the saliva of patients, unlike the changes observed in this ratio in patients diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the Na/K ratio in the saliva of patients with thyrotoxicosis normalizes due to the use of the therapeutic and preventive agent containing zinc and arginine.

ADHESIVE POTENTIAL OF ENAMEL AND DENTIN SURFACE MICRORELIEF UNDER DIFFERENT PREPARATION PROTOCOLS

2025-09-24T10:28:21+03:00

Aim. To assess the adhesive potential of the surface microrelief of dental hard tissues under different cavity preparation and adhesive protocols. Materials and Methods. Extracted impacted third molars were sectioned mesiodistally to obtain two halves of the crown. Depending on the preparation and conditioning protocols, four experimental groups were formed: Group 1 – rotary instrumentation without acid etching; Group 2 – rotary instrumentation with etching using 37% phosphoric acid gel; Group 3 – air-abrasion preparation without etching; Group 4 – air-abrasion preparation with acid etching. Sample surfaces were examined under an optical microscope, photographed, and imported into the opensource ImageJ software for image processing and analysis. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface images (microrelief profiles) were analyzed based on surface type, structure, relief features, and optical characteristics. Results. In Group 1, enamel surfaces exhibited deep grooves, burrs, and an irregular microstructure with minimal roughness and absence of micropores. The dentin surface appeared smooth with limited microcracks and partially open dentinal tubules, with a persistent smear layer. Adhesive potential was moderate due to lack of micromechanical retention and restricted tubule openness. In Group 2, enamel surfaces displayed a more pronounced microrelief with numerous micropores and voids. Dentin showed open tubules and visible collagen networks. High adhesive potential was noted due to pronounced micromechanical retention and subsequent hybridization of dentin. Group 3 showed a less aggressive enamel surface relief but with noticeable micro-roughness. Dentin surfaces were homogeneous and rough, with partially open tubules. Moderate-to-high adhesive potential was observed due to the uniformity and moderate micromechanical retention. Group 4 demonstrated the most distinct enamel microrelief with visible micropores and uniformly open dentinal tubules with a clear porous structure. This group exhibited the highest adhesive potential among all protocols. Conclusions. The most favorable microrelief conditions for adhesion were observed in Group 4. Group 2 samples also demonstrated good bonding conditions, although with less tissue openness. Group 3 samples showed satisfactory adhesive potential, which could be improved with additional etching. Group 1 surfaces were the least favorable for bonding due to minimal roughness, absence of micropores, and a smooth surface structure.

FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND LOCAL NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN RAT GINGIVA UNDER EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GINGIVITIS AND THERAPEUTIC-PROPHYLACTIC INTERVENTION

2025-09-24T10:39:29+03:00

Oral dysbiosis and activation of proteolytic enzymes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis, causing damage to periodontal soft tissues and suppression of local non-specific immunity. The search for pharmacological strategies capable of simultaneously attenuating inflammation and restoring antibacterial defense remains a pressing task of experimental dentistry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a therapeuticprophylactic drug complex on inflammatory markers (elastase and acid phosphatase activity) and local nonspecific immunity indices (urease and lysozyme activity) in rat gingiva under experimentally induced gingivitis. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 male Wistar rats of 1 month of age, with an average weight of 65–75 g at the beginning of the experiment and 200–210 g at the end of the experiment. The rats were divided into 3 groups. Gingival homogenates served as the material for biochemical assays. Elastase, acid phosphatase, urease and lysozyme activities were quantified. A statistically significant difference between alternative quantitative features with a distribution corresponding to the normal law was evaluated using Student's t-test. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.01. Research results. In the “gingivitis model” group, elastase and acid phosphatase activities increased by 45.4% (p < 0.002) and 31.9% (p < 0.002), respectively, versus intact controls; urease activity rose by 38.2% (p < 0.01), whereas lysozyme activity decreased by 34.1% (p < 0.01). Administration of the prophylactic complex produced a significant reduction in elastase (–29.7%) and acid phosphatase (–20.6%) compared with untreated gingivitis (p < 0.05–0.001), lowered urease activity (–20.2%) and increased lysozyme activity (+40.4%), restoring the parameters to nearly intact levels. Conclusions. The proposed therapeutic-prophylactic complex exerts pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, normalising biochemical markers of inflammation and re-establishing non-specific immunity in gingiva under experimental gingivitis. These findings substantiate the potential of multicomponent compositions for prophylaxis and comprehensive treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF A THERAPEUTIC DRUG COMPLEX ON SERUM BIOMARKERS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS FOLLOWING DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT

2025-09-24T11:03:52+03:00

Surgical insertion of dental implants is accompanied by local inflammation and oxidative stress, which can hinder subsequent osseointegration. Correction of these alterations using combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents is a current challenge in modern implantology. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a newly developed therapeutic-prophylactic complex (TPC) on serum biochemical markers in experimental rats after dental implant placement. Materials and methods. Thirty outbred male white rats (4 months old, 220–250 g) were divided into three groups (n = 10): intact; control (implantation + drinking water per os); experimental (implantation + TPC per os for 30 days). Sixty days postsurgery, serum elastase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, catalase activity, and the antioxidant– pro-oxidant index (API) were determined. Statistical analysis employed Student’s t-test (p < 0.01). Research results. In control animals, implantation increased elastase activity by 28.0% and MDA by 61.9%, while catalase activity decreased by 56.3% and API fell 2.5- fold compared with the intact group. TPC administration reduced elastase by 14.7% (p < 0.05) and MDA by 27.9% (p < 0.02) versus control, simultaneously restoring catalase activity (+43.7%; p < 0.002) and doubling API (p < 0.001), bringing these parameters close to intact values. Conclusions. The developed therapeutic-prophylactic complex exhibits pronounced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the context of dental implantation: it normalises elastase activity, decreases lipid peroxidation intensity, and restores antioxidant system function. These findings confirm the promise of the TPC for preventing oxidative-inflammatory complications and enhancing implant osseointegration success.

CORRECTION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKER ALTERATIONS IN RAT GINGIVAL HOMOGENATES INDUCED BY EXPERIMENTAL FLUOROSIS AND ORTHODONTIC INTERVENTION WITH A THERAPEUTIC-PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX

2025-09-24T11:08:01+03:00

Chronic fluoride intoxication and the mechanical stress associated with orthodontic tooth movement disturb periodontal homeostasis, provoking dysbiosis and attenuation of innate defence factors. The search for therapeutic-prophylactic complexes (TPCs) capable of correcting these changes remains a pressing issue. Aim of the study. To assess the impact of a newly formulated TPC on microbial colonisation indices (urease activity) and nonspecific antimicrobial defence (lysozyme activity) in rat gingival homogenates under conditions of experimental fluorosis and orthodontic intervention. Materials and methods. Forty male Wistar rats (4 months old, 280 ± 14 g) were assigned to four groups (n = 10 each): (1) intact control; (2) fluorosis (60 days of NaF in drinking water, 10 mg F⁻/kg); (3) fluorosis + orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); and (4) fluorosis + OTM + TPC. Orthodontic loading was simulated by fixing a spring between the upper molars for 30 days. In group 4 the TPC was administered orally during the final 30 days. After 60 days, urease and lysozyme activities were determined in gingival homogenates; the dysbiosis index (DI) was calculated as the urease-to-lysozyme activity ratio. Statistical analysis was performed in STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test; p < 0.01 was considered significant. Results. In group 2, urease activity increased three-fold, lysozyme activity decreased 1.6-fold, and DI rose 4.8-fold versus intact controls. Addition of OTM (group 3) further elevated urease activity 3.6-fold, reduced lysozyme 2.2-fold, and augmented DI 7.6-fold relative to controls. Administration of the TPC (group 4) significantly lowered urease activity 2.4-fold, elevated lysozyme twofold, and reduced DI 4.9-fold compared with group 3, approaching intact values. Conclusions. The experimental TPC effectively normalised biochemical markers of microbial colonisation and innate defence in gingival tissues under combined fluoride exposure and orthodontic loading, reducing dysbiosis to near-control levels.

CORRECTION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND DYSBIOSIS IN THE ORAL MUCOSA OF RATS EXPOSED TO STRESS MODELLING USING ATHERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX

2025-09-24T11:34:08+03:00

Chronic acoustic stress provokes oxidative–inflammatory shifts and disrupts the microbiocenosis of the oral mucosa, creating prerequisites for the development of dental pathologies. The pharmacological correction of these disturbances with multicomponent therapeutic– prophylactic agents remains an important task of experimental dentistry. Aim of the study. To determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic-prophylactic complex (TPC) in correcting biochemical indicators of inflammation and dysbiosis in the oral mucosa of rats under chronic acoustic stress. Materials and methods. The study included 27 male Wistar rats (2 months old), divided into three groups (9 animals in each): an intact group (Group 1), a group exposed to acoustic stress (Group 2), and a group with acoustic stress plus additional administration of a therapeutic-prophylactic complex (Group 3). The experiment lasted for 49 days. Stress was modeled using an ultrasonic repeller (30–65 kHz), operated 6 hours daily, with the combined addition of sound in the audible range. Animals in Group 3 received the therapeutic-prophylactic agents orally. Acid phosphatase (AP), elastase, lysozyme, urease activities and malondialdehyde (MDH) content were determined in the oral mucosa. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (p<0.01). Results. Chronic acoustic stress significantly increased AP activity by 65%, elastase by 77% and MDH by 63% compared with intact animals; lysozyme activity decreased by 36%, while urease activity rose by 50%. TPC administration reduced AP by 33%, elastase by 30% and MDH by 23% relative to the stress control, approaching baseline values. Lysozyme activity rose by 23%, and urease activity fell by 19% compared with untreated stressed rats. Conclusions. The multicomponent TPC effectively mitigates oxidative– inflammatory changes and dysbiosis of the oral mucosa induced by chronic acoustic stress, as evidenced by normalisation of AP, elastase, MDH, lysozyme and urease. These findings highlight the potential of comprehensive pharmacological prophylaxis for stress-associated dental lesions.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PROTEIN-VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX ON JAW ALVEOLAR BONE STATE IN RATS ON THE BACKGROUND OF ALIMENTARY DEFICIENCY DIET

2025-09-24T11:42:37+03:00

Malnutrition with a deficiency of important substances can be a factor in shifting the remodeling processes towards resorption of the oral bone tissue, which can result in loss of alveolar bone mass and volume. To normalize bone metabolism, complex therapeutic and prophylactic drugs, the components of which have a pronounced effect on the regulation of bone remodeling processes, may be promising. These include proteins, B vitamins, microelements, polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids, which are involved in mineralization and synthesis in bone tissue. The purpose of the study. To investigate the effect of a therapeutic and prophylactic complex based on albumin and Orthomol Veg One containing vitamins B2, B6, B12, D3, microelements Fe, Zn, Se and docosahexaenoic fatty acid on the bone tissue in the jaw alveolar process (AP) in rats under conditions of acute nutritional deficiency. Materials and methods. Male white rats aged 2 months were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: 1) intact, consuming a complete diet; 2) grain and vegetable diet (GVD) (corn grain, beets, cabbage); 3) GVD with the addition of a protein-vitamin-mineral complex (PVMC) (albumin, Orthomol Veg One) at a dose of 1,055 g/kg body weight. The duration of the experiment was 61 days. At the end of the experiment, atrophy, activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases, elastase, catalase, MDA content, and mineralizing and antioxidant-prooxidant indices were determined in AP. Results. The maintenance of rats on GVD led to a significant increase in the degree of atrophy of AP by 18.5%, elastase activity by 37.0%, acid phosphatase by 31.8%, a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 20.2%, catalase by 25.6%, and an increase in the content of MDA by 47.3%, indicating an increase in bone resorption and a decrease in antioxidant protection of bones. The addition of PVMC to the diet helped to maintain the values of remodeling and antioxidant protection at a level that did not differ statistically from the intact level. Conclusions. The addition of PVMC with a pronounced osteoprotective effect to the diet effectively contributed to the normalization of the functioning of oral bone tissue in conditions of malnutrition.

CORRECTION OF BONE RESORPTION PARAMETERS IN RATS INDUCED BY MODELLING CHRONIC STRESS BY A THERAPEUTIC-PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX

2025-09-24T11:56:41+03:00

Chronic psycho-emotional stress disrupts bone remodelling, leading to enhanced resorption and suppressed osteogenesis. Comprehensive pharmacological strategies possessing antioxidant and membrane-stabilising properties remain insufficiently explored as means of correcting stress-induced skeletal alterations. Aim of the study. To evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic-prophylactic complex in normalising bone resorption parameters in rats subjected to a model of chronic acoustic stress. Materials and methods. The study included 34 male Wistar rats (2 months old, body weight 140±8 g), which were divided into three groups: an intact group (n=10), a group with induced chronic sound stress (n=12), and a group with induced stress followed by administration of a therapeutic-prophylactic complex (TPC) (n=12). Over 50 days, the rats in the second and third groups were exposed to chronic sound stress using an ultrasonic pest repellent. In the “stress + TPC” group, the rats additionally received the therapeuticprophylactic complex. In mandibular homogenates, the activities of acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the mineralisation index (ALP/AP) were determined. Statistical processing was performed using STATISTICA 6.1 with Student’s t-test (p<0.01 was considered significant). Results. Chronic stress increased AP activity by 23.7% and reduced ALP activity by 33.0% versus intact controls, resulting in a 51.3% decline in the mineralisation index. TPC administration lowered AP activity by 31.2% and elevated ALP activity by 19.5% relative to the stress group, restoring the mineralisation index to 76% of the control value. Conclusions. The therapeutic-prophylactic drug complex effectively corrects stress-induced disturbances in bone remodelling by attenuating resorption and reinstating osteogenic activity. These findings support the prophylactic use of TPC to mitigate bone complications associated with chronic stress.