THE NATURE OF THE PATHOLOGICAL СHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PATHOLOGICAL ABRASION OF TEETH OF DIFFERENT DEGREES ACCORDING TO ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

Abstract

The prevalence of pathological abrasion of hard tissues of teeth ranges from 4 % to 57 % at a young age and reaches 91 % in older people and is accompanied by both morphological and functional disorders of the tooth-jaw sys-tem. Among the functional changes, first of all, changes in bioelectric activity of chewing muscles are considered. Goal. Study of the functional state of masticatory muscles in patients with pathological erosion of hard tissues of teeth of different severity in comparison with norm Material and methods. Electromyographic studies were performed in 87 patients aged 18 to 59 years, including 70 patients with pathological erosion of hard tissues of various degrees and 17 persons with intact teeth and physiolog-ical forms of bite. Results and discussion. The results of electromyographic studies indicated an extension of the chewing period, a reduction in the rhythm of chewing, a deterioration of chewing efficacy in the pathological erosion of teeth, compared with the norm, which grew in dynamics. The relation between excitatory and inhibitory processes, however, sharply de-teriorated with an increase in the duration of activity due to the reduction of the relative bioelectric rest period. The magnitude of the biopotential amplitude decreased relative to the norm with a serious violation of the coordination of masticatory muscles in general. Conclusions. The results of electromyographic studies of masticatory muscles make it possible to determine the degree of functional changes in the neuromuscular system of the tooth-jaw system of patients with pathological erosion of solid tissues of teeth of varying severity, compared with the norm, which indicate a decrease in chewing efficacy and the progression of morphological disorders that increase in dynamics.