THE EFFECT OF A VITAMIN AND MINERAL COMPLEX OF PREPARATIONS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT SYSTEM AND INFLAMMATION INDICATORS IN THE GUMS OF RATS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF MODELLING DENTAL CARIES WITH A HIGH-SUCROSE DIET

Abstract

Excessive carbohydrate intake, in particular prolonged consumption of diets high in sucrose, is widely used to effectively model dental caries in laboratory rats and is accompanied by the development of dysbiotic and inflammatory changes in the tissues of the oral cavity. An important pathogenetic component of such changes is oxidative stress with suppression of the antioxidant link and intensification of proteolytic and lysosomal processes in the gums, which justifies the use of complex therapeutic and preventive approaches combining local and systemic agents. Aim of the study. To analyze the effect of a therapeutic and prophylactic complex on the indicators of the antioxidant-prooxidant system and markers of inflammation in the gingival mucosa of rats against the background of tooth caries modeling with a high-sucrose cariogenic diet. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 30 one-month-old male Wistar rats (body weight 70±5 g), divided into three groups: intact (n=10); animals receiving a cariogenic diet (CD) (n=10); animals that received CR with additional use of LPK (n=10). Caries was modeled for 60 days using a high-sucrose diet developed by M.S. Bugayova and S.A. Nikitin, modified by I.V. Khodakov et al. In homogenates of the gingival mucosa, catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, elastase and acid phosphatase activity were determined; the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated. Results. Consumption of a cariogenic diet caused a significant imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant system in the gums: catalase activity decreased by 37.7%, MDA content increased almost twice, and the API index decreased threefold compared to intact indicators. At the same time, activation of inflammatory and proteolytic processes was noted: elastase activity increased 1.9 times, and acid phosphatase activity increased 1.5 times. The use of LPC against the background of CR ensured that catalase, MDA, and API indicators remained at levels close to intact ones (p>0.05), as well as normalization of acid phosphatase activity (p>0.05) and a significant approximation of elastase activity to control values, indicating pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of complex therapeutic and prophylactic correction. Conclusions. The combined use of topical gels in combination with systemic vitamin and mineral supplements against the background of a cariogenic diet effectively corrects these disorders, maintaining key biochemical indicators of the antioxidantprooxidant system and markers of inflammation at a level close to intact.