EFFECT OF IL-1Β RECEPTOR ANTAGONISM ON BIOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of an interleukin-1β (IL-1β) receptor antagonist (anakinra) on nitric oxide system parameters, oxidative stress markers, and enzymatic activity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Materials and Methods. A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 65 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and 30 individuals with intact periodontium. Patients were divided into two groups: comparison group (n=34) receiving basic therapy and main group (n=31) receiving basic therapy combined with local administration of anakinra via transgingival electrophoresis. Serum levels of MMP-2, iNOS, eNOS, nitrotyrosine, as well as activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed before and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, with significance set at p<0.05. Results. The inclusion of an IL-1β receptor antagonist in комплекс therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis provides a pronounced modulatory effect on key pathogenetic mechanisms. Significant reductions in MMP-2 (by 80.0%), iNOS (by 58.1%), and nitrotyrosine (by 72.5%) were observed, along with an increase in eNOS (3.1-fold) and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity (GR by 1.9- fold, GPx by 1.27-fold). Conclusions. Patients with chronic generalized periodontitis exhibit systemic biochemical disturbances, including activation of oxidative and nitrosative stress, imbalance of the nitric oxide system, and decreased antioxidant defense. The use of anakinra contributes to normalization of these parameters, reduction of inflammatory activity, and restoration of metabolic balance. These findings substantiate the use of IL-1β receptor antagonists as a pathogenetically targeted component of комплекс treatment of periodontitis.