CHANGES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE DENTAL ROW IN CHILDREN WITH OPEN BITE COMPLICATED BY ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE TONGUE IN THE PROCESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Abstract

Predicting the location of unerupted permanent teeth, establishing indications for the expansion or narrowing of the dentition, as well as changes in the dentoalveolar arches due to the action of appliances is an important part of orthodontic anthropometric diagnostics. Purpose of the study. To determine changes in transversal and sagittal anthropometric parameters of the dentition of children with open bite complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue during orthodontic treatment. Research materials and methods. The study of scientific interest was the changes in anthropometric parameters of the dentition of children with open bite (n=26), complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue, during orthodontic treatment. Removable bimaxillary orthodontic appliances Flis P.S.-Tsyzh O.O.-Filonenko V.V., maxillary appliances Mew with occlusal overlays and a protective grill for the tongue and fixed maxillary appliances Marco Rosa / Haas were used. Transverse and sagittal dimensions of the dentition were determined by measuring the distances between standardized anatomical landmarks. Results and their discussion. The transverse dimensions of the upper dentition significantly increased, namely: the interdental width (IDW) increased by an average of 4,1±1,4 mm (95% CI 3,5–4,7) with a statistical significance of p<0,0001, and the intermolar width (IMW) by 3,2±1,0 mm (95% CI 2,8–3,6) with a statistical significance of p<0,0001. At the same time, the sagittal size of the dentition (Sag) decreased by an average of 0,4±0,9 mm (95% CI −0,8–−0,04) with a p=0,0151. The Front Gingiva (FG) index increased by an average of 0,8±0,7 mm (95% CI 0,5–1,1) with a p<0,0001, which reflects a moderate but directional increase in width at the alveolar level. The dimensions of the lower dentition underwent minor changes, namely: IDW increased on average by 1,5±1,4 mm (95% CI 0,9–2,1) at p=0.0002, IMW – by 1,1±1,1 mm (95% CI 0,7–1,5) at p=0,0002, FG – by 0,2±0,5 mm (95% CI 0,0–0,4) at p=0,0178, Sag – by 0,3±0,4 mm (95% CI 0,1–0,5) at p=0,0060. The type of orthodontic appliance used is associated with different severity of changes, primarily in the transverse parameters of the upper jaw. Conclusion. The results of the treatment show statistically significant changes in all evaluated parameters, with a more pronounced effect of transversal expansion of the upper dentition in the canine and molar areas. Sagittal changes were smaller and depended on the initial protrusive or retrusive position of the front teeth. The difference in the severity of changes at the dental level of the upper jaw was more significant when using fixed appliances