CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMIC BONE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPENIA DURING THE PREPARATORY STAGE OF DENTAL IMPLANTATION

Abstract

Aim of the study. To investigate the characteristics of systemic bone metabolism in patients with osteopenia and to assess changes in indicators characterising bone remodelling processes. Methods. A total of 148 patients with osteopenia were examined in the preoperative period prior to dental implantation. All patients underwent densitometry to determine bone mineral density. Markers of bone remodelling were measured in blood and urine: calcium and phosphorus concentrations, alkaline and acid phosphatase activity, hydroxyproline levels, and serum collagenolytic activity. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica software, applying methods of variational statistics and the Student’s t-test. Scientific novelty. This study provides an in-depth examination of the characteristics of systemic bone metabolism in patients with osteopenia and identifies characteristic changes in indicators reflecting bone remodelling processes. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of markers of bone formation and resorption was conducted in patients with reduced bone mineral density, which enabled the role of metabolic disorders in the development of osteopenia to be clarified. The results obtained expand current understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of osteopenia and allow the identification of features of systemic bone metabolism in this patient group, which may be utilised to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis and prevention of disease progression. Conclusions. The results obtained thus demonstrate that the combined use of densitometry and biochemical markers of bone metabolism allows for a more objective assessment of abnormalities in bone remodelling and may facilitate the early identification of the risk of developing osteoporosis. The results obtained highlight the value of using biochemical markers of bone metabolism to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and prevent the progression of osteopenia. Biochemical markers of bone remodelling are informative indicators for assessing bone formation and resorption processes and can be used to monitor bone health in patients with reduced bone mineral density. Gender differences in acid phosphatase activity in patients with osteopenia were not statistically significant, indicating a similar nature of metabolic changes in bone tissue in men and women