EVOLUTION OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN DENTISTRY: ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2026.1.28Keywords:
dentistry, local anesthetics, risk groups, emergency conditions, emergency care algorithmsAbstract
Aim of the study. To substantiate a differentiated and evidence-based approach to the selection of local anesthetic agents and techniques in contemporary dental practice, with consideration of their pharmacological properties and the patient’s systemic condition. Materials and methods. Relevant publications were identified through a structured search of the Scopus, PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases using the following keywords: dentistry, local anesthetics, risk groups, emergency conditions, and emergency care algorithms. The selected studies were analyzed using content analysis methods, followed by systematic organization and classification of data with the aid of CADIMA. Scientific novelty. Although local anesthesia remains the cornerstone of pain management in dentistry, ongoing research is focused on developing more effective and patient-centered analgesic strategies. Current advancements are primarily directed toward optimizing anesthetic agents, improving delivery systems, and refining adjunctive techniques. Emerging technologies offer new opportunities to enhance the efficacy of analgesia, reduce injection-related discomfort, and minimize the risk of adverse reactions. This literature review aims to synthesize current evidence supporting the use of modern local anesthetics, as well as alternative approaches and techniques designed to improve patient comfort during dental procedures. Conclusions. Local anesthesia continues to be a safe and reliable modality for pain control and a fundamental component of modern dental practice. Conventional methods of anesthetic administration are increasingly being supplemented or replaced by advanced techniques. The implementation of a personalized approach, taking into account individual systemic risks, contributes to improved safety and clinical outcomes in dental care
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