DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND PERIODONTAL TISSUES AS INDICATORS OF SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL CHANGES IN THE MODELING OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL DENTISTRY

Abstract

Aime of the study. To experimentally investigate the effects of antihypertensive drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms of action on morphological parameters of peripheral blood and the structural and functional condition of periodontal tissues in animals maintained on a cardiovascular-nephropathogenic semisynthetic diet combined with stress exposure. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 48 white rats maintained on a specially designed cardiovascular- nephropathogenic semisynthetic diet combined with stress loading. Subsequently, the animals received the following antihypertensive drugs: nifedipine, enalapril, carvedilol, and valsacor. Results. It was established that the combined effect of the cardiovascular-nephropathogenic diet and stress was accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight gain, hemoglobin content, and erythrocyte count, as well as by the development of leukocytosis and alterations in the leukocyte differential count. In all experimental groups, an increase in the modified leukocyte intoxication index (mLII) was observed, indicating the formation of a systemic inflammatory response and the development of metabolic disturbances. Examination of gingival smear- scrapings revealed the development of local inflammatory and dystrophic changes in periodontal tissues, manifested by an increased number of segmented neutrophils and monocytes, a decreased lymphocyte count, elevated mLII values, a reduction in the number of viable leukocytes, and an increase in the number of desquamated epithelial cells. The most pronounced changes were observed in animals receiving nifedipine and enalapril. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the administration of certain antihypertensive drugs under conditions of experimental cardiovascular-nephropathology may aggravate systemic and local inflammatory-destructive processes. The use of morphological parameters of peripheral blood and periodontal tissues is an informative approach for assessing the development of pathological changes in the organism and may be promising for further experimental and clinical studies in dentistry.