ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE DEFENSE MARKER LYSOZYME IN THE ORAL FLUID OF CHILDREN WITH DENTAL FLUOROSIS DURING COMPREHENSIVE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2026.2.18Keywords:
dental fluorosis, oral fluid, children, dynamic observations, lysozyme, orthodontic treatment.Abstract
Endemic dental fluorosis is associated with impaired enamel formation and mineralization, while the use of orthodontic appliances complicates oral hygiene and promotes dental biofilm accumulation. Lysozyme activity in oral fluid is one of the principal indicators of local nonspecific antimicrobial defense. The purpose of the study was to assess changes in lysozyme activity in the oral fluid of children with endemic dental fluorosis and orthodontic pathology under the influence of a therapeutic and preventive complex. Materials and methods. A total of 25 children aged 6–7 years were examined and divided into a main group (n=13) and a comparison group (n=12). All children underwent oral sanitation and professional oral hygiene, while the children in the main group additionally received the developed therapeutic and preventive complex. Lysozyme activity in unstimulated oral fluid was determined at baseline, before the fixation of the orthodontic appliance, and at 1, 6, and 12 months thereafter. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed using Student’s t-test, with p<0.01 considered statistically significant. Research results. Baseline lysozyme activity was reduced in both groups: 80±5 units/L in the comparison group and 85±6 units/L in the main group, compared with the reference value of 140±11 units/L (p<0.001). After one month, lysozyme activity in the main group increased to 142±11 units/L, exceeding the baseline value by 67.0% (p₁<0.001), whereas it was 88±6 units/L in the comparison group. At 6 and 12 months, lysozyme activity in the main group was 131±11 and 125±10 units/L, respectively, and was 55.9% and 52.4% higher than the corresponding values in the comparison group (p₂<0.002). Conclusions. The application of the therapeutic and preventive complex contributed to the normalization and long-term maintenance of lysozyme activity, confirming its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects during orthodontic treatment in children with endemic dental fluorosis.
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