EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND CAUSES DYSFUNCTIONS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2025.4.22Keywords:
epidemiology, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, causes, prevalence, temporomandibular disorders, occlusion, psycho-emotional state, gender studies, diseasesAbstract
One of the urgent problems in dentistry is the timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJ). The prevalence of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints in recent decades is associated with changes in the lifestyle of a modern person, an increase in psychoemotional stress, changes in diet and other reasons. Functional disorders of the dentition system are detected in 27.0–45.0% of the adult population of Ukraine, while among patients seeking dental care, this figure reaches 65.0%. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of these pathological conditions is key to development of effective strategies for the prevention and early detection of the causes of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints. Purpose of the study. is the study of studies and scientific achievements on the problems of epidemiology and causes of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints in order to draw attention to the spread of the disease, to the problems of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints. Materials and methods of research. In the course of writing the article, a number of data from scientific databases – Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed were studied, in the course of developing the material, methods of comparison, generalization, systematic and comparative analysis of epidemiology and causes of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints were applied. Research results. According to epidemiological studies by Manfredini Deu, et al. published in the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in the general population ranges from 5.0% to 12.0%. At the same time, symptoms associated with temporomandibular joint disorders are observed in 75.0% of patients with at least one dysfunction (noises, clicks, limited mobility, etc.). In their studies, the authors highlight significant geographical differences in the prevalence of this disease: in North America and Western America. In Europe, the prevalence of symptomatic dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints is 7.0–10.0%; in Asian countries (Japan, China, Korea) from 5.0 % to – 8.0%; in Latin America – 10.0–15.0 %; in Eastern Europe – 8.0–12.0%. Functional disorders of the dentition system are detected in 27.0–45.0 % of the adult population of Ukraine, while among patients seeking dental care, this figure reaches 65.0 %. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of these pathological conditions is key to developing effective strategies for the prevention and early detection of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Conclusions. The analysis of data published in the scientific literature proved that diseases of the temporomandibular joint occupy one of the first places after caries and periodontal diseases among all dental lesions. Diseases are distinguished by a large number of symptoms, signs and a variety of epidemiological factors and causes of development dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. It was found that in addition to occlusive disorders and muscle pathology, endocrine, gender and psycho-emotional factors play an important role, which make this problem not only medical, but also social.
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