OPTIMIZATION OF THE ORAL MICROBIOTA STATUS AND ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROTECTION OF RAT GINGIVAE BY A COMPLEX OF THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC PREPARATIONS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF A HIGHSUCROSE DIET

Abstract

Prolonged consumption of a high-sucrose diet is one of the leading factors in the development of dental caries, as it is accompanied by disturbances in the oral microbiocenosis, an increase in the proportion of opportunistic microbiota, and a decrease in the nonspecific antimicrobial protection of the oral mucosa. Among the informative biochemical markers of these changes are urease activity as an indicator of microbial contamination and lysozyme activity as a marker of local nonspecific immunity. This substantiates the feasibility of applying complex therapeutic and prophylactic approaches that combine local effects on oral tissues with systemic strengthening action on the organism. Aim of the study. To analyze the effect of a therapeutic and prophylactic complex on urease activity, lysozyme activity, and the degree of dysbiosis in the gingival mucosa of rats against the background of dental caries modeling with a high-sucrose cariogenic diet. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 30 one-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 70±5 g, divided into three groups: intact animals (n=10); animals receiving a cariogenic diet (CD) (n=10); and animals receiving CD in combination with a therapeutic and prophylactic complex (TPC) (n=10). Caries was modeled over 60 days using a high-sucrose diet. The TPC included topical application of Calcyd and Biotrit-Denta gels to the gingiva and oral administration of INOS and Orthomol Immun. In homogenates of the gingival mucosa, urease and lysozyme activity were determined; the degree of dysbiosis was calculated as the ratio of the relative values of these parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric methods. Results. Consumption of the cariogenic diet caused pronounced dysbiotic changes in the gingival mucosa of rats: urease activity increased by 91.9%, whereas lysozyme activity decreased by 33.3% compared with intact values (p<0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in the degree of dysbiosis to 2.88±0.11 conventional units, which was 2.9 times higher than in the intact group. Administration of the TPC against the background of CD maintained urease activity (0.98±0.08 μkat/kg), lysozyme activity (127±8 U/kg), and the degree of dysbiosis (1.21±0.10 conventional units) at levels that did not differ significantly from the intact values (p>0.05), while remaining significantly different from the CD group (p<0.001). A strong inverse correlation between urease and lysozyme activity was established (r=-0.999; p<0.05). Conclusions. A high-sucrose cariogenic diet leads to dysbiosis of the gingival mucosa, increased urease activity, and decreased lysozyme activity, indicating weakened antimicrobial protection of the oral cavity. The combined use of topical gels together with systemic vitamin and mineral preparations effectively corrects these disturbances and contributes to normalization of the microbiota and nonspecific immune protection of rat gingivae