COMPARISON OF STATIC OCCLUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BY THE CRITERIA OF OCCLUSAL COLLISIONS REGISTERED DURING INTRAORAL SCANNING AMONG PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS PATHOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2026.1.29Keywords:
occlusion, intraoral scanning, periodontitis, diagnostics, occlusal contacts, prosthetic treatmentAbstract
Purpose of the study. To evaluate differences in static occlusal relationships assessed by the criterion of graphical collisions and registered using intraoral scanning technology among patients with and without periodontitis pathology. Research methods. Study was conducted as comparative analysis of intraoral scanning data with prior stratification of patients according to their periodontal tissue status. Based on purposive sampling, study and control groups were formed. Study group included 32 patients diagnosed with stage I-II periodontitis due to the EFP diagnostic criteria, while control group comprised 37 patients without clinical or radiographic signs of inflammatory or destructive periodontal tissue lesions. Digital intraoral scanning of the maxilla and mandible was performed by single dentist following standardized scanning protocol using the Medit i500 intraoral scanner in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. To assess differences in static occlusal relationships, obtained digital models of the upper and lower jaws were aligned using bilateral digital bite registrations and evaluated based on the presence of occlusal collisions, defined as instances of graphical interpenetration of three-dimensional objects. Scientific novelty. Analysis of the alignment results obtained for three-dimensional maxillary and mandibular models, based on digital occlusal registrations after standardized bilateral scanning protocol, revealed statistically significant differences in the number of occlusal collisions between patients with and without periodontitis (p < 0,05). In patients with I-II stages of periodontitis mean number of graphical interpenetration areas per examined jaws pair was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally tendency toward more widespread distribution of collisions involving the anterior dental segment was observed among patients with periodontitis. However, considering the overall variability in distribution of occlusal collisions within the study group, no statistically significant difference in anterior localization of collisions compared to the control group was identified (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Comparative analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in the number of occlusal collisions identified through digital intraoral scanning between patients with stage I-II periodontitis and individuals without clinical signs of periodontal tissue pathology. Given the deliberate exclusion of dental arch defects and other potential factors capable of modifying occlusal relationships in digital environment, it was established that the functional status of periodontal tissues may be considered an independent factor associated with changes in digital alignment parameters of maxillary and mandibular models during intraoral scanning
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