THE REVIEW AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE MOST WIDELY USED ALLERGOTESTS ON THE LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Abstract

Drug allergy, including allergy reactions to the local anesthetics, is heterogeneous. Their displays are various; this fact makes diagnosis difficult at present. The stage of clinical diagnosis of drug allergy is one of the most responsible stages for the dentist. The aim of the work. The review and the analysis of the methods, most widely used in dentistry, of the clinical diagnosis of allergy reactions (allergotests) to the local anesthetics for the study of their effectiveness and propriety. The materials and the methods of the investigation. In 49 patients with the burdened allergoanamnesis the “positive” or “ambiguous” allergotests were observed before the local anesthetics. The clinical tests were held in different ways: 18 patients underwent sublingual test, 21 patients – routine skin test (with syringe) and 10 patients – conjunctival one. Then all the patients were examined according to the following scheme: anamnesis record, its estimation with points system, skin test (prick-test), laboratorial diagnosis with immune-enzyme analysis and immunothermistometry. The findings and the discussion. For the determination of the allergy reactions at local anesthetics the dentists most often use sublingual test, conjunctival, skin “routine” one with syringe, prick-test. The diagnostic criteria of the sublingual test are such sensations of the patients like edema and numbness of mucous membrane of oral cavity, tongue, increasing salivation and other discomfort feelings in oral cavity. The conclusions. The first stage of the diagnostics of drug allergy to the local anesthetics is the collection and the interpretation of the anamnesis data. Relying on the results of the held investigations (anamnestic diagnosis, clinical tests, laboratorial tests) the skin test, that is prick-test, was revealed the most objective, informative, unified and safe one.