COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2025.2.14Keywords:
cytokine profile, periodontitis, elderly, gingival crevicular fluidAbstract
Purpose of the study. To determine the immunological and biochemical indicators of gingival crevicular fluid in elderly patients with generalized periodontitis. Research methods. The study involved 133 patients aged 60 to 75 years who underwent standard clinical and radiological examination of the oral cavity. Based on the examination results, the patients were divided into three groups. Group I (control) included 28 individuals without signs of periodontal disease, Group II – 21 patient diagnosed with stage I generalized periodontitis, and Group III – 84 patients with stage II generalized periodontitis. In all participants, samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from gingival or periodontal pockets to determine the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10), lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the ratio of cellular components (epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes). Scientific novelty. The highest mean concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were recorded in patients of Group III, exceeding the corresponding values of the control group by 2,1 times (IL-1β), 1,4 times (IL-8), and 2,7 times (TNF-α). This group also showed the highest average levels of IL-10 and lactate dehydrogenase activity, which exceeded the indicators of Group I by 2,5 times and 1,8 times, respectively. It was found that as the severity of periodontitis increased, the relative proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes in gingival fluid increased by 1,5 and 3,1 times, respectively, while the proportion of epithelial cells decreased by nearly 3 times. Conclusions. Elderly patients with generalized periodontitis demonstrated significant changes in the immunological and biochemical composition of gingival crevicular fluid compared to individuals in the control group. The severity of these changes increases with the progression of pathological processes in periodontal tissues. The use of these indicators as biomarkers of inflammation may be useful for early diagnosis of generalized periodontitis and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
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