RESULTS OF STUDYING THE SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF FAR-5X GLASS-COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR DENTAL IMPLANTS

Abstract

Objective of the study. To evaluate the biological safety of FAR-5X glass-composite material for dental implants by analyzing the effect of prolonged contact with tissues on the weight of internal organs and hematological parameters in laboratory animals, as well as to identify possible manifestations of toxicity or immunomodulatory effect.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 30 white mongrel rats weighing 420-460 g, kept in a vivarium (tº=22-24 ºC, humidity 40-50%) on a standard diet in compliance with the rules of humane treatment of animals (European Convention, 1997). Animals were divided into 2 groups: the main group with dental implants with glass-composite coating and the control group without it. Operations were performed under sterile conditions under anesthesia (0.1% atropine, dose according to weight).An incision (1.5 cm) was made on the anterior surface of the left thigh, a section of the femur was prepared, a bone bed (8×0.8 mm) was formed, and a sterile implant was implanted. The wound was sutured with 4/0 polyglycolide suture, and hemostasis was performed during the operation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-factor analysis of variance, with differences at p<0.05 considered significant. Scientific novelty. Despite the widespread use of dental implants, the safety of new glass-composite coatings for them remains insufficiently studied. Previously, most studies have focused on their physical and mechanical properties and osseointegration, but the systemic effects on internal organs and hematological parameters have been evaluated to a limited extent. Our proposed glass-composite coating FAR-5X for dental implants is a new solution that combines strength and potential bioactivity, but there is no data on its possible toxic or immunomodulatory effects in case of prolonged contact with the body. It is the study of changes in the weight of vital organs and peripheral blood parameters in response to the implantation of dental implants with glass-ceramic coating FAR-5X that allows us to comprehensively assess its biological safety and determine the prospects for clinical use in implantology.Results. During the experiment, no significant changes in body weight and weight coefficients were recorded in the animals. After 12 weeks, the average liver weight in the experimental group (FAR-5X) was 1.41 g less than in the control group (p<0.05), which may indicate the initial manifestations of hepatotoxicity. The weight of the kidneys, spleen, heart and adrenal glands did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05). Hematologic analysis showed the stability of most parameters: coagulation time, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, total leukocytes and neutrophil formula did not differ from the control. The only change was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes (p<0.05), which may indicate an immunomodulatory effect in the experimental group.Thus, the material does not have a toxic effect on most internal organs and peripheral blood parameters, except for the effect on the liver and activation of the lymphocyte immunity. Conclusions. Prolonged contact of dental implants coated with FAR-5X glass-composite material did not cause significant changes in animal body weight and most internal organs when comparing the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Only an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes (p<0.05) was detected, which may indicate an immunomodulatory effect. Thus, the FAR-5X glass-composite coating is a relatively biosafe material, but the effect on the liver and immune system requires further research.