ASSESSMENT OF IMPLANT AND ABUTMENT TOOTH MOBILITY DURING COMPREHENSIVE ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT

Abstract

The mechanical stability of dental implants and abutment teeth determines the longevity of prosthetic constructions and the success of rehabilitation in patients with bounded single- tooth defects. Objective mobility monitoring with devices such as the Periotest-S allows early detection of inadequate osseointegration and optimisation of treatment protocols.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of implant and abutment tooth mobility during comprehensive prosthetic treatment supported by a therapeutic-preventive regimen. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was carried out in 57 patients (18–30 years) with bounded single-tooth defects. In the implant cohort (n=29), subgroup 1.1 (n=15) received comprehensive therapy, while subgroup 1.2 (n=14) received basic care only. In the three-unit metal–ceramic bridge cohort (n=28), subgroup 2.1 (n=15) received comprehensive therapy and subgroup 2.2 (n=13) received basic care. Periotest values were recorded at standardised intervals: for implants – 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-implantation; for bridges–before and after fixation and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter.Statistical analysis was performed in STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test (p<0.01). Research results. One month after implantation, the mean Periotest value in subgroup 1.1 was lower than in 1.2 (5.6±0.2 vs 6.2±0.2; p=0.05). The advantage of comprehensive therapy increased by months 3 (p<0.005) and 6 (p<0.001) and persisted at 12 months, when mobility in 1.2 exceeded that in 1.1 by 1.7-fold.In bridge patients, comprehensive therapy produced a significant reduction in abutment tooth mobility even before bridge fixation (2.8±0.1 vs 3.6±0.2; p<0.04) and ensured faster post-loading stabilisation. At 12 months, bridge mobility in 2.2 was 1.8-fold higher than in 2.1 (p<0.001).Conclusions. A therapeutic-preventive regimen combining antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteotropic agents significantly improves the stability of implants and abutment teeth, fostering faster osseointegration andlong-term functional stability of prosthetic constructions.The Periotest method is a sensitive tool for monitoring the effectiveness of comprehensive support throughout the prosthetic treatment pathway.