EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL SCANNERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSAL DISORDERS

Abstract

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of digital scanners in the diagnosis of occlusal disorders based on an analysis of recent scientific literature. Materials and Methods. The analysis was conducted using leading international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SpringerLink, ACS Publications, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The literature search covered the period from January 2021 to September 2025. Scientific Novelty. Current studies indicate that the prevalence of tooth loss due to complications of dental caries and periodontal disease reaches 95%, while partial edentulism is detected in 81.3% of patients aged 33–46 years. One of the major contributing factors to the development of dentoalveolar pathology is occlusal trauma. The identification of premature and excessive occlusal contacts has significant clinical value, as delayed correction may lead to pulp damage and the formation of hard tissue defects such as wedge-shaped lesions and pathological attrition, particularly following prosthetic treatment. Traditional methods of occlusal analysis (articulatormounted models, occlusograms, and contact registration on teeth) lack sufficient accuracy and do not allow realtime evaluation. Therefore, studies on the effectiveness of digital technologies in diagnosing occlusal disorders are highly relevant, as they improve diagnostic precision, enhance treatment outcomes, and promote the introduction of innovative approaches in dental practice. Results. The relevance of diagnosing occlusal disorders is underscored by the high prevalence of dental defects and the need to restore the functional interaction of dental arches. Traditional techniques (impressions, articulatory analysis) are subjective and prone to errors during prosthesis fabrication. The use of digital technologies, particularly intraoral scanners (IOS) and computerized occlusal analysis systems, provides new opportunities for objective assessment. These technologies enable the acquisition of highly accurate 3D models of dental arches, analysis of contact points, and evaluation of masticatory function dynamics, which reduces the risk of complications. Intraoral scanners ensure rapid and comfortable scanning; however, accuracy depends on the type of device, operator technique, and clinical experience. Virtual occlusal records (VOR) show promising results, although their reliability is influenced by scanning quality, software algorithms, and individual occlusal features. Errors are most commonly observed during full-arch scanning, whereas quadrant-level scanning demonstrates higher accuracy. The T-Scan III system is regarded as the “gold standard” for digital occlusal analysis, as it provides real-time data on the amplitude and distribution of occlusal forces. In contrast, the Medit I600 system is primarily designed for morphological reproduction of occlusion and evaluation of tooth overlap. Both technologies generate distinct yet complementary data. Additionally, 3D scanning can be applied in the diagnosis of occlusal caries, showing effectiveness comparable to clinical examination. This expands the potential of digital technologies beyond prosthetics and orthodontics to screening programs as well. Conclusions. Modern digital technologies, such as intraoral scanners (IOS) and occlusal analysis systems, ensure objective and highly accurate diagnosis by generating three-dimensional models of dental arches and reproducing arch interactions. Virtual occlusal records obtained using IOS are consistent with conventional methods; however, their accuracy depends on scanning technology, software algorithms, operator technique, and patient-specific factors. The T-Scan III system is considered the “gold standard” because it allows evaluation of occlusal force, distribution, and dynamics in real time. Meanwhile, the Medit I600 system provides precise static analysis and morphological reproduction. These systems complement one another: T-Scan III supplies data on functional dynamics, whereas Medit I600 emphasizes anatomical accuracy. The combined use of digital technologies enhances diagnostic quality, contributes to the standardization of procedures, reduces treatment time, and creates opportunities for application in telemedicine and screening programs.