AGE DETERMINANTS OF THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS DEGREES OF OBESITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2025.3.14Keywords:
periodontal tissue disease, prevalence, age, degree of obesityAbstract
Purpose of the study. To determine the prevalence and structure of periodontal tissue diseases in obese patients depending on age characteristics and degree of obesity. Research methods. To achieve this goal, 516 overweight patients aged 18-45 were examined.Obesity was diagnosed based on body mass index (≥30 kg/m²). Periodontal status was assessed according to the classification of M.F. Danilevsky (1994) with additions by I.S. Maschenko (2002) using clinical, radiological and statistical methods. Scientific novelty. The study found that the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese patients was 90.5 %, p<0.01, while intact periodontium was observed in only 9.5 %. Analysis by age group showed an increase in the frequency of pathology, from 84.7±2.57 % in the 18-25 age group, to 88.6±2.55 % in the 26-35 age group, p>0.05, reaching 100 % in the 36-45 age group, p<0.01. Among the younger age group, chronic catarrhal gingivitis was the most prevalent periodontal tissue disease – 46.9±3.56 %, whereas among the older age group, the frequency of chronic generalised periodontitis of I–II degree progressively increased from 22.9±3.0 % to 44.8±4.0 % and 19.5±3.19 %, respectively.Analysis of dependence on the degree of obesity showed that intact periodontium was found in 15.5±2.43 % of cases with grade I obesity and in 5.2±1.31 % of cases with grade II obesity, p<0.01; it was not diagnosed at all in cases of grade III obesity. The most severe forms of periodontitis (II-III degrees) were found in 100 % of patients with grade III obesity. Conclusions. Thus, the study found that the prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients is 90.5 %. It increases with age and with increasing degrees of obesity, reaching 100 % in patients with grade III obesity. The predominance of catarrhal gingivitis in younger patients is replaced by progressive forms of generalised periodontitis in older age groups.
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