FEATURES OF ANTIOXIDANTPROOXIDANT SYSTEM MARKERS IN RAT PERIODONTAL BONE TISSUE UNDER CONDITIONS OF PEROXIDATIONINDUCED PERIODONTITIS, DIETARY PROTEIN DEFICIENCY, AND THERAPEUTIC-PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Abstract

Periodontitis is among the most common diseases of the oral cavity, with its course largely determined by oxidative stress and the activation of free radical processes. The nutritional status of the organism, particularly protein deficiency, significantly increases the susceptibility of periodontal tissues to destructive changes and exacerbates inflammation. Currently, the specific features of periodontitis under the combined influence of lipid peroxidation and dietary protein deficiency, as well as the efficacy of complex therapeutic and preventive measures, remain insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study was to experimentally evaluate the effect of a therapeutic drug complex on the antioxidant-prooxidant system of rats in the periodontal bone tissue under conditions of peroxidation-induced periodontitis and dietary protein deficiency. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 30 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups: intact (n=10), combined pathology (peroxidation-induced periodontitis + protein deficiency, n=10), and combined pathology with subsequent use of a therapeutic-preventive complex (n=10). The duration of the experiment was 60 days. In homogenates of periodontal bone tissue, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, catalase and elastase activity, as well as the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 6.1 software package. Research results. In the group of animals with peroxidation-induced periodontitis and protein deficiency, increased elastase and catalase activity, elevated MDA levels, and decreased API were observed, indicating the development of oxidative stress and intensified destructive processes in the bone tissue. Administration of the therapeutic-preventive complex contributed to the normalization of antioxidant defense parameters (reduced MDA content and catalase activity, increased API) and a decrease in elastase activity. Conclusions. Modeling peroxidation-induced periodontitis under conditions of protein deficiency provokes a significant intensification of free radical oxidation and destruction of periodontal bone tissue, whereas the proposed therapeutic-preventive complex helps to inhibit these pathological processes. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of a comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of periodontal complications under conditions of combined pathology.