PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PROTEIN-VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX ON JAW ALVEOLAR BONE STATE IN RATS ON THE BACKGROUND OF ALIMENTARY DEFICIENCY DIET

Abstract

Malnutrition with a deficiency of important substances can be a factor in shifting the remodeling processes towards resorption of the oral bone tissue, which can result in loss of alveolar bone mass and volume. To normalize bone metabolism, complex therapeutic and prophylactic drugs, the components of which have a pronounced effect on the regulation of bone remodeling processes, may be promising. These include proteins, B vitamins, microelements, polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids, which are involved in mineralization and synthesis in bone tissue. The purpose of the study. To investigate the effect of a therapeutic and prophylactic complex based on albumin and Orthomol Veg One containing vitamins B2, B6, B12, D3, microelements Fe, Zn, Se and docosahexaenoic fatty acid on the bone tissue in the jaw alveolar process (AP) in rats under conditions of acute nutritional deficiency. Materials and methods. Male white rats aged 2 months were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: 1) intact, consuming a complete diet; 2) grain and vegetable diet (GVD) (corn grain, beets, cabbage); 3) GVD with the addition of a protein-vitamin-mineral complex (PVMC) (albumin, Orthomol Veg One) at a dose of 1,055 g/kg body weight. The duration of the experiment was 61 days. At the end of the experiment, atrophy, activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases, elastase, catalase, MDA content, and mineralizing and antioxidant-prooxidant indices were determined in AP. Results. The maintenance of rats on GVD led to a significant increase in the degree of atrophy of AP by 18.5%, elastase activity by 37.0%, acid phosphatase by 31.8%, a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 20.2%, catalase by 25.6%, and an increase in the content of MDA by 47.3%, indicating an increase in bone resorption and a decrease in antioxidant protection of bones. The addition of PVMC to the diet helped to maintain the values of remodeling and antioxidant protection at a level that did not differ statistically from the intact level. Conclusions. The addition of PVMC with a pronounced osteoprotective effect to the diet effectively contributed to the normalization of the functioning of oral bone tissue in conditions of malnutrition.